Low birthweight piglets essay
From tothe average number of fully formed pigs born alive plus stillborns in the United States has increased from Studies have reported negative genetic correlations Kaufmann et al.
Project Methods We will use calcium-free Krebs-bicarbonate buffer to isolate intestinal absorptive epithelial cells enterocytes from 0- to day-old low-birth-weight piglets and normal-birth-weight piglets.
The cells will be used for the analysis of polyamine and amino acid concentrations, as well as arginine synthesis and ornithine decarboxylase activity using chromatographic and radiochemical methods. In addition, we will quantify in vivo intestinal cell proliferation using the labeling of bromodeoxyuridine and intestinal protein synthesis using the incorporation of [3H]phenylalanine in low-birth-weight and normal-birth-weight piglets.
Furthermore, we will determine effects of oral administration of N-carbamoylglutamnate a metabolically stable activator of carbamoylphosphate synthase-I, glutamine plus proline, or putrescine a polyamine on in vivo intestinal polyamine concentrations and protein synthesis, as well as growth and survival of low-birth-weight piglets.
Data from this study will be statistically evaluated using two-way analysis of variance. The results will be interpreted to indicate possible roles for developmental stage and metabolic treatments on survival and growth of piglets.
We determined roles of arginine in improving survival and growth of low-birth-weight piglets. Guoyao Wu Darrell A. Not relevant to this project. Findings from this project are expected to improve the growth and survival of low-birth-weight piglets.
Because feed-grade arginine is now commercially available thanks to our research, this product will be cost-effective in increasing the efficiency of swine production in the United States. Nutrition, epigenetics, and vascular function.
Original Research ARTICLE
Encyclopedia of Animal Science, 2nd edition W. Composition of amino acids in feed ingredients for animal diets. Dietary L-arginine supplementation differentially regulates expression of lipid-metabolic genes in porcine adipose tissue and skeletal muscle.
Reduced expression of intestinal N-acetylglutamate synthase in suckling piglets: We determined the concentrations of amino acids in plasma and small intestine of low-birth-weight pigs and normal-birth-weight pigs.
We also determined protein synthesis in the small intestine, skeletal muscle, and liver of the two groups of pigs. No major changes Impacts Low-birth-weight piglets had low concentrations of arginine and glutamine in plasma, as well as low rates of protein synthesis in the small intestine and skeletal muscle, compared with normal-birth-weight piglets.
Oral administration of arginine and glutamine to low-birth-weight piglets increased the growth of the small intestine and skeletal muscle, but their daily weight gains were still lesser than normal-birth-weight piglets.
Other regulatory factors need to be identified to optimize tissue protein synthesis and the growth of low-birth-weight piglets. Recent advances in swine amino acid nutrition.
Low Birthweight in Newborns | Symptoms and Causes | Boston Children's Hospital
Functional amino acids in growth, reproduction and health. Supplementing L-leucine to a low-protein diet increases tissue protein synthesis in weanling pigs. Regulation of protein metabolism by glutamine: Biochemical and physiological limitations to efficiency of amino acid utilization for animal growth.
Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition G. Functional amino acids in swine nutrition and production. Dynamics in Animal Nutrition J. Glutamine is an important nutrient for the development of the small intestine of young swine, particularly piglets with a low-birth weight. This study tested the hypothesis that BCAA are catabolized for glutamine synthesis in mammary tissue.
Mammary tissue slices from sows on d 28 of lactation were incubated at 37oC for 1 h in Krebs buffer containing 0. Rates of net BCAA transamination were similar to rates of glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, asparagine, and alanine synthesis. Consistent with the metabolic data, mammary tissue expressed BCAA aminotransferase, BCKA decarboxylase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate-oxaloacetate aminotransferase, glutamate-pyruvate aminotransferase and asparagine synthetase, but no phosphate-activated glutaminase activity.
Western blot analysis indicated that relatively high levels of mitochondrial and cytosolic isoforms of BCAA aminotransferase, as well as BCKA dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase proteins in mammary tissue.By Hypor. The production of large litters of high quality piglets with good, even birth weights is an important aspect of maximizing Weaning Capacity because it results in the highest number and weight of piglets .
Development of Diets for Low Birth-Weight Piglets to Improve Post-Weaning Growth Performance and Optimize Net Returns to the Producer Beaulieu, A.D., J.
Shea and D. Gillis Prairie Swine Centre, Box , 8th Street East, Saskatoon, SK, S7H 5N9 Denise Beaulieu SUMMARY An experiment which utilized 17 weeks of production was designed.
number of piglets ina given litter, or to group together piglets of low birth weight so that they will not have to compete against much heavier litter-mates (English and Wilkinson ).
Selective tooth clipping is another technique to improvethe competitive ability of low -birth-weight piglets. quality has therefore increased the total number of piglets born per litter at the expense of decreased average piglet birth weight.
Piglet Birth Weight Affects Future Growth, Composition and Mortality - The Pig Site
Low birth weight pigs are slower growing and at greater risk of preweaning mortality. The reduced prenatal investment of maternal resources (i.e. decreased piglet.
low birth weight (VLBW) piglets weighing less than kg) die during suckling and mortality 1 is 34% for low birth weight piglets (LBW, to kg BW) born alive and less than 10%.
Interestingly, the arginine treatment increased the daily weight gain of low-birth-weight piglets (40%) to a greater extent than that of normal-birth-weight piglets (15%).
This is because low-birth-weight piglets have a reduced ability to synthesize arginine due .